历时三百余年的两宋王朝曾出现过许许多多的矛盾现象:它既被人们叹惋不武,又被史学工作者肯定为精神文明和物质文明的发展达到了封建社会可能达到的高度;它给后人留下的印象是朝野上下大多以“因循懦默为得计,志士仁人终无以为。”而实际上最高统治集团还是实行过一些变革措施,客观上有利于经济文化的繁荣。 The two Sung dynasties that lasted for more than three hundred years had witnessed so many contradictions that they were not only sighs, but also confirmed by historians as having reached the height possible for feudal society for the development of spiritual civilization and material civilization. It gives the posterity the impression that most of the ruling and opposition parties are mostly “following the cynicism as a tactic and civic benevolence does not work.” In fact, the supreme ruling group has implemented some changes and measures that objectively are conducive to the prosperity of the economy and culture .