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张之洞(1836—1909年)是清末光绪时期地主阶级政治家、实业家和教育家,半殖民地半封建教育制度奠基人,也是我国近代史上争议颇大且毁多于誉的重要历史人物。本文试图根据张之洞在我国近代发挥作用的几个方面,对他重新评价。 一 张之洞生活的时期,正是“欧洲资本家的贪婪魔掌已经伸向中国”,强迫中国沦为半殖民地半封建社会的特殊历史时期。毛泽东同志指出:这一时期各类矛盾日趋复杂,而“帝国主义和中华民族的矛盾,乃是各种矛盾中的最主要矛盾。”
Zhang Zhidong (1836-1909) was the founder of the landlord class politician, industrialist and educator, and semi-colonial semi-feudal education system during the Guangxu period in the late Qing Dynasty. It was also an important historical figure with rather large controversy and more than good reputation in the modern history of our country. This article attempts to reevaluate Zhang Zhidong in several aspects which play its role in modern China. The period of the life of a cave is exactly where “the greed of European capitalists has reached China” and forced China to become a special historical period of semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out: All kinds of contradictions in this period have become more and more complicated. However, “the contradictions between the imperialists and the Chinese nation are the most important contradictions in various contradictions.”