围生期前后大脑经历了结构和功能上的巨大变化 ,铁是与细胞代谢有关蛋白 (酶 )的重要组分 ,在胎儿和新生儿期大脑发育的关键期起着重要作用。各种原因导致的围生期铁的缺乏 ,会影响大脑尤其是髓鞘的发育成熟并可遗留严重的后遗症。反之 ,各种围生期损伤因素导致红细胞溶解破坏 ,产生过多铁并与氧或氮的中间产物作用生成大量的自由基 ,产生严重的氧化应激损伤 ,加上新生儿期 (尤其是早产儿 )不成熟的抗氧化机制 ,同样可引起严重的脑损伤。明确铁代谢异常的病因及发生机制 ,保持铁代谢的稳态将会更好地防止围生期铁代谢异常引起的脑损伤 Around the perinatal period, the brain undergoes dramatic structural and functional changes. Iron is an important component of proteins (enzymes) involved in cellular metabolism and plays an important role in the critical period of fetal and neonatal brain development. Various causes of perinatal iron deficiency, will affect the brain, especially the development of mature myelin and left serious sequelae. Conversely, various perinatal damage factors lead to the destruction of erythrocyte lysis, excessive iron production and oxygen or nitrogen intermediates produce large amounts of free radicals, resulting in severe oxidative stress damage, coupled with the neonatal period (especially preterm Children) Immature antioxidant mechanisms can also cause severe brain damage. To clarify the etiology and mechanism of iron metabolism abnormalities and to maintain the steady state of iron metabolism will be better to prevent brain damage caused by abnormal perinatal iron metabolism