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作为受到规制部门规制的自然垄断产业,对其自然垄断性认识经历了一个不断深化的过程。传统经济学理论认为平均成本下降所形成的规模经济是自然垄断的成因,然而这一认识并不全面,当代经济学把自然垄断定义在范围经济和成本劣加性基础上。同时,与自然垄断产业相关的规制理论也经历了不断变迁的过程,本文对自然垄断产业从规制必要性和规制变革两个角度进行了梳理。
As a natural monopoly industry regulated by regulatory agencies, it has undergone a process of deepening its understanding of natural monopoly. According to the traditional economic theory, the scale economy formed by the declining average cost is the cause of natural monopoly. However, this understanding is not comprehensive. Contemporary economics defines natural monopoly as the scope economy and the cost-plus basis. At the same time, the regulatory theory related to the natural monopoly industries has undergone a process of constant change. This paper reviews the natural monopoly industries from two aspects: the necessity of regulation and the regulatory changes.