本文通过毛泽东、邓小平的社会政治理论的比较研究试图说明 :存在着特质不同的两种政治理论 ,即结论性理论与非结论性理论。具有结论性特质的理论是答案型、指示型、封闭型、理想型的 ;而具有非结论性特质的理论则是问题型、提示型、开放型、现实型的。毛泽东的政治理论在中国革命胜利前尚是非结论性的 ,而在革命胜利后则逐步变为一种结论性理论。邓小平理论是一种非结论性的理论。认识到这一点 ,有助于我们深刻把握邓小平理论“解放思想、实事求是”的精髓 ,从而更好地迎接新世纪的挑战 Through the comparative study of the social and political theories of Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping, this article attempts to illustrate that there are two kinds of political theories with different qualities, namely the conclusive and non-conclusive theories. The theories with conclusive traits are answer type, instruction type, closed type and ideal type. The theories with non-conclusiveness are problem type, prompt type, open type and real type. Mao Zedong’s political theory was inconclusive until the victory of the Chinese revolution, and gradually became a conclusive theory after the victory of the revolution. Deng Xiaoping Theory is a non-conclusive theory. Realizing this point will help us grasp the essence of Deng Xiaoping Theory’s emancipation of the mind and seeking truth from facts so as to better meet the challenges of the new century