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无家可归现象是一种普遍的社会问题。基于社会排斥理论视角,本研究通过对上海市无家可归者的实地考察,从制度性排斥与功能性排斥两个维度揭示了无家可归群体形成的社会机制。研究发现,无家可归实质上是社会失序的一种表现,其根源在于社会排斥。在被排斥过程中,无家可归者遭受了一系列能力剥夺,包括社会连接的断裂、社会参与的不足等,这使得他们长期生活在主流社会的边缘地带。欧美先进国家经验表明,政府要解决无家可归问题,就应该坚持人本主义和发展主义理念,科学合理地构建完善的“国家—社会”无家可归者救助体系。
Homelessness is a widespread social problem. Based on the social exclusion theory, this study explores the social mechanism of homelessness through the field survey of homeless in Shanghai, from the two dimensions of institutional exclusion and functional exclusion. The study found that homelessness is essentially a manifestation of social disorder, the root cause of which is social exclusion. In the process of being excluded, the homeless suffered a series of capacity deprivations, including the breakdown of social connection and the lack of social participation, which made them live in the mainstream for a long time. The experience of the advanced countries in Europe and the United States shows that to solve the problem of homelessness, the government should adhere to the concept of humanism and developmentism and scientifically and reasonably build a sound “nation-society” homeless relief system.