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自由基与许多中枢神经系统疾病包括脑缺血、脑肿瘤和阿尔兹海默病等的病因有关。阿尔兹海默病的一个重要的神经病理学特征是脑内淀粉样物质的沉积。该淀粉样物质的主要成分是由４０～４２个氨基酸所组成的多肽—淀粉样β蛋白（Ａβ）。离体和在体实验均显示Ａβ对神经细胞具有毒性作用，其具体的机制尚不十分清楚。最近部分国外研究报道自由基参与Ａβ的毒性作用。本实验结果表明Ａβ能够诱导人类成神经细胞瘤细胞系ＳＫＮＳＨ细胞发生凋亡，而最近发现的一种自由基清除剂褪黑激素和谷氨酸能够有效地阻止这一细胞凋亡过程。本实验证实自由基的确参与了Ａβ的神经毒性机制，并为临床治疗此类疾病提供了一条新途径
Free radicals are associated with a number of central nervous system diseases, including cerebral ischemia, brain tumors and Alzheimer’s disease. An important neuropathological feature of Alzheimer’s disease is the deposition of amyloid in the brain. The main component of the amyloid is a peptide consisting of 40-42 amino acids, amyloid-beta (Aβ). Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that Aβ has a toxic effect on nerve cells, and its specific mechanism is not yet clear. Recently some foreign studies have reported that free radicals participate in the toxic effects of Aβ. The experimental results show that Aβ can induce apoptosis in human SKNSH cell line, and recently found that a free radical scavenger melatonin and glutamate can effectively prevent this apoptosis process. This experiment confirmed that free radicals do participate in the neurotoxic mechanism of Aβ, and provide a new way for the clinical treatment of such diseases