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俄罗斯公职人员财产申报立法始于上世纪90年代转型初期,目前已经构建起相对完备的体系,但从实际运行效果上来看,其并未达到遏制与发现腐败的预期目标。导致这一境况的现行制度缺陷主要表现为:申报和公开的财产信息不充分,没能为反腐败提供有效的完整信息;依法定有权主体申请才启动的信息核查机制,不足以约束公职人员诚实地进行申报;社会公众力量参与监督腐败的制度空间有限,事实上对财产申报的监督主要是在体制内进行。最新的监督公职人员收支相符法案,强化了对公职人员支出信息和收入来源信息的管控,加大了对违反财产申报制度的追责力度,但同时也“复制”了既有制度的不足。未来,随着公民权利意识觉醒与政治生态环境变化,建立更为严格的信息核查机制,更多地介入社会外部力量参与监督,将是俄罗斯财产申报立法完善的重点方向。
Russian public official property declaration legislation began in the early 90s transformation of the last century, has now built a relatively complete system, but the actual operation of the effect, it does not meet the expected goal of deterrence and detection of corruption. The defects of the current system leading to this situation are mainly as follows: the declared and open property information is not sufficient and fails to provide effective and complete information for anti-corruption; the information verification mechanism which is started by applying for the right according to the law is not sufficient for restraining public officials Honestly declare; public power to participate in the supervision of corruption is limited institutional space, in fact, the declaration of property supervision is mainly carried out within the system. The latest regulation of public officers’ income and expenditure compliance has strengthened the control over the expenditure of public officials and the sources of income, increased the accountability for the violation of the property declaration system, but at the same time “copied” the existing system insufficient. In the future, with the awakening of civil rights awareness and the change of political and ecological environment, the establishment of a more rigorous information verification mechanism and more intervention in the supervision of social external forces will be the key direction for the improvement of the legislation on property declaration in Russia.