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由于各种历史和现实原因,义和团期间的中国北方士绅的整体形象在我们面前始终是模糊不清的,其中山东地区士绅群体的心态和行为,无论是在时间上还是地域上都存在着诸多差异和变化,尤可作为义和团时期的一个典型范例来加以分析。这些差异和变化,既是当时山东各地社会经济文化变迁的一个缩影,又体现了这一时期洋教及教民势力、义和团运动、山东地方官府与士绅之间复杂的互动关系。
Due to various historical and practical reasons, the overall image of the gentry in northern China during the Boxer era has always been blurred before us. Among the gentry and the behavior of the gentry in Shandong, there are many differences in time and place And change, especially as a typical example of the Boxer era. These differences and changes are not only a miniature of the socio-economic and cultural changes in various parts of Shandong at that time, but also reflect the complicated interactive relations between the local authorities of the Yangpo and the Christian groups and the Boxer movement and the local officials and gentry in Shandong during this period.