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某些环境问题可大大地改变近地表层的物理性质。对此,地球物理探测方法可在钻探或取样之前用于勘测地下污染和掩埋的废料的分布。例如由酸、碱、盐或金属离子造成的无机污染可用测量地下电导率的仪器探测;又如掩埋的铁桶、管道等金属体可用磁测定位;矿山的放射性尾矿可用放射性探测圈定。地球物理探测还可用于表征现场地质情况。如果在地区开发之前进行地球物理探测,就能够帮助查明高、低渗透性地段和天然污染源。这些方法还可用于建立基准值并为开发探测环境微小变化的灵敏设备选定稳定的地区。为说明应用地球物理探测能解决的环境问题,列举了贱金属矿山,铀矿开采以及钾盐和油砂开采的实例,特别注意了矿山酸性水的排放问题。
Some environmental issues can greatly change the physical properties of the near-surface layer. In this regard, geophysical methods can be used to survey the distribution of underground pollution and buried waste prior to drilling or sampling. For example, inorganic pollution caused by acids, alkalis, salts or metal ions can be detected by instruments that measure underground conductivity. For example, metal bodies such as buried iron drums and pipes can be magnetically measured; radioactive tailing of mines can be delineated by radioactive detection. Geophysical exploration can also be used to characterize the site geological conditions. Geophysical surveys prior to regional development can help identify areas of high and low permeability and natural sources of pollution. These methods can also be used to establish baseline values and to select stable areas for sensitive devices that develop minor changes in the detection environment. To illustrate the environmental issues that can be solved using geophysical prospecting, examples of base metal mines, uranium mining and the exploitation of potash and oil sands are cited with particular attention paid to the discharge of acid water from mines.