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工具成分是所有语言中常见的概念之一。英语和汉语同属SVO句型,在这两种语言中有标记工具成分都以介词短语形式做状语修饰相关谓语动词,英语主要是“with+NP”结构,而汉语主要是“用+NP”结构。两者的主要区别在于其各自的典型句法位置不同,“with+NP”一般位于简单小句句尾,而“用+NP”则紧邻在谓语动词前。本文从认知语言学“凸显观”和“注意观”两个角度分析了英汉工具状语在小句中的典型句法位置,发现两者都遵循了认知规律,而差异的原因在于认知处理过程中,英语侧重于遵循抽象的逻辑顺序,而汉语侧重于遵循现实的时间顺序。这一现象说明语言的表达形式折射出使用该语言的民族认识世界、理解世界的思维特征。
Tool composition is one of the common concepts in all languages. Both English and Chinese belong to the SVO sentence pattern. In both languages, the marking tool components modify the related predicate verbs in the form of prepositional phrases, the English mainly has the “with + NP” structure, while the Chinese mainly uses the “+ NP” structure . The main difference between the two is that their respective typical syntactic positions are different. “With + NP” is usually located at the end of a simple sentence, and “+ NP” is immediately before a predicate verb. This paper analyzes the typical syntactic positions of English and Chinese instrumental adverbs in clauses from the perspectives of “conspicuity” and “conspicuity” of cognitive linguistics and finds that both follow the law of cognition, and the reason for the difference lies in cognitive processing In the process, English focuses on following the logical order of abstraction while Chinese focuses on following the chronological order of reality. This phenomenon shows that the expression of language reflects the national understanding of the world using the language and the thinking characteristics of the world.