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为探讨以养蚕生产大宗副产物蚕沙制造养分丰富的有机肥料技术,直接采用含有约10%桑枝和5%桑叶的蚕沙为主要原料,以废弃蘑菇基料作为调理剂进行好氧堆肥,研究蘑菇基料的不同添加比例对蚕沙好氧堆肥腐熟条件中的温度、pH、含水率等因素以及堆肥中养分的影响。用90%蚕沙+10%蘑菇基料(处理1)、75%蚕沙+25%蘑菇基料(处理2)、100%蚕沙(对照)制造堆肥,均可在6 h达到最高温度(分别为64.4、66.0、68.3℃),但处理1组的高温持续时间较短,处理2组和对照组的高温持续时间在5 d以上,达到无害化卫生标准规定。处理1组和对照组堆肥中的含水率较高,处理2组可降低堆肥中的含水率及pH。从堆肥中的养分来看,各处理均可增加堆肥中的磷、钾含量,但处理1组和对照组均存在氮素损失(分别下降0.62%、5.84%)的问题,而处理2组由于降低了堆肥的pH,因此比初始状态增加4.19%的氮素含量。综合以上试验结果认为,在蚕沙堆肥过程中添加25%的废弃蘑菇基料有利于改善堆肥的反应条件,提高堆肥的氮素养分含量。
In order to explore the technology of producing nutrient-rich organic fertilizer by silkworm production, which is the bulk byproduct of sericulture silkworm, direct use of silkworm excrement containing about 10% mulberry branches and 5% mulberry leaves as the main raw material and the waste mushroom base as the conditioner for aerobic Composting, research mushroom base material of the different proportion of silkworm excrement composting maturity conditions temperature, pH, moisture content and other factors and composting nutrients. Compost was made with 90% silkworm excrement + 10% mushroom base (treatment 1), 75% silkworm excrement + 25% mushroom base (treatment 2) and 100% silkworm excrement Respectively, 64.4,66.0,68.3 ℃), but the duration of high temperature in treatment group 1 was short, and the duration of high temperature in treatment group 2 and control group was above 5 d, reaching the standards of safe hygiene. The moisture content of composting in treatment 1 and control groups was higher, and treatment 2 could reduce the moisture content and pH in composting. From the point of view of the nutrients in compost, all the treatments could increase the phosphorus and potassium contents in compost, but there were problems of nitrogen loss (decreased by 0.62% and 5.84% respectively) in treatment 1 and control groups, The pH of the compost is reduced, thus increasing the N content by 4.19% over the initial state. Based on the above test results, adding 25% of the waste mushroom base material during composting of silkworm excrement is beneficial to improve the reaction conditions of composting and improve the nitrogen nutrient content of composting.