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在 Maxwell串联模型所定义的参数里 ,反映弹性和粘性相结合的是弛豫时间τ=η/ E,它不但表明粘弹性是材料同时具有粘性和弹性的结果 ,并且是仅取决于材料粘性系数和弹性系数的相对大小 ,而不是它们各自的大小。τ是表征材料弛豫现象的内部时间尺度 ,只有在外力作用时间与这个内部时间尺度同一数量级时 ,材料才会产生极大的弛豫 ,它的粘弹性本质才有最充分的显示。本文即以Maxwell串联模型为例对聚合物粘弹性的本质进行了讨论
In the parameters defined by the Maxwell in-line model, the combination of elasticity and viscosity reflects the relaxation time τ = η / E, which not only shows that the viscoelasticity is the result of the material having both viscosity and elasticity, and is dependent only on the material’s viscosity coefficient And the relative size of the elastic coefficient, rather than their respective size. τ is the internal time scale which characterizes the material relaxation phenomenon. Only when the external force time is the same order of magnitude as the internal time scale, the material will have a great relaxation and its viscoelastic nature will be fully displayed. In this paper, Maxwell series model is taken as an example to discuss the nature of polymer viscoelasticity