目的：对射干鸢尾染色体数目、形态等进行研究，为该种鉴定、演化和良种选育等提供必要的细胞学资料。方法：采用常规制片方法，结合显微摄影对染色体进行检测分析。结果：染色体数目为２ｎ＝４０。核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝４０＝３０ｍ＋６ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ（２ＳＡＴ）＋２Ｔ，染色体相对长度组成为２ｎ＝４０＝２Ｌ＋１４Ｍ２＋２２Ｍ１＋２Ｓ，属于２Ａ型。全组染色体总长７４１６μｍ，长臂总长４４９２μｍ，核型不对称系数６０５７％。染色体组总体积１５３１７μｍ３。结论：射干鸢尾染色体数目、形态清晰，可为进一步的深入研究打下基础 OBJECTIVE: To study the chromosome number, morphology and other aspects of Iris, and to provide the necessary cytological data for the identification, evolution and breeding of elite. Methods: Chromosomes were detected and analyzed by conventional method and microscopy. Results: The chromosome number is 2n = 40. The karyotype formula is that K (2n) = 40 = 30m + 6sm + 2st (2SAT) + 2T. The relative length of the chromosome is composed of 2n = 40 = 2L + 14M2 + 22M1 + 2S. The total chromosome length of 74.16μm, long arm length 4492μm, Karyotype asymmetry coefficient 6057%. The total chromosome genome 153  17μm3. Conclusions: The number and shape of chromosomes of Peripedicula aurantiacus lay the foundation for further research