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中药遗传毒性研究是中药安全性研究的重要组成部分。我国中药的遗传毒性研究起步较晚,在20世纪70年代以后逐步得到重视。目前发展较为成熟的遗传毒性评价方法主要有以遗传基因突变为指标的试验(细菌回复突变试验、小鼠淋巴瘤tk试验)、以染色体畸变为指标的试验(微核试验、染色体畸变试验)和以DNA损伤为指标的试验(单细胞凝胶电泳检测)3种。该文结合中药特点就现代中药遗传毒性研究进展、遗传毒性评价方法、中药遗传毒性评价存在的问题及解决方法、新技术在遗传毒性评价中的应用等内容进行综述。
The study of genotoxicity of traditional Chinese medicine is an important part of the safety study of traditional Chinese medicine. The study on the genotoxicity of Chinese traditional medicine started late, and gradually gained attention after the 1970s. At present, the more mature genotoxicity evaluation methods mainly include genetic mutation test (bacterial reversion mutation test, mouse lymphoma tk test), chromosomal aberration test (micronucleus test, chromosome aberration test) and DNA damage as an indicator of the test (single cell gel electrophoresis test) 3 kinds. Based on the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), this review summarizes the progress of genetic toxicity studies, the methods of evaluating genetic toxicity, the problems existing in the evaluation of genetic toxicity of traditional Chinese medicines and their solutions, and the application of new technologies in the evaluation of genotoxicity.