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1955年,心理学家们为诺姆·乔姆斯基(NoamChomsky)在哈佛大学就转换生成语法理论所做的演讲兴奋不已。同年,英国哲学家约翰·奥斯汀(John Austin)也在哈佛大学发表了声名远播的威廉·詹姆士讲稿(William James lectures),他所呈现的理论对许多学科也有同样巨大的影响。这是一种新的视角,它不但能彻底重塑人们对语言的看法,也能改变语言的使用方法。从此,语用学研究便以一门独立的学科出现,旨在解决诸如“句子使用目的、作为言语句子在现实世界中恰当使用的条件”等问题。(Stalnaker,1972:380)这种新角度及一些主要发现,很快在文学翻译中得到应用。
In 1955, psychologists were excited about Noam Chomsky’s speech at Harvard University on converting grammatical grammar. In the same year, John Austin, a British philosopher, published a notable William James lectures at Harvard University. The theory he presented had the same dramatic impact on many subjects. This is a new perspective that will not only completely reshape people’s perception of language but also change the way languages are used. Since then, pragmatics studies have emerged as an independent discipline aimed at resolving issues such as the purpose of the sentence and the proper use of the sentence in the real world as speech sentences. (Stalnaker, 1972: 380) This new perspective and some of the main findings are quickly applied in literary translation.