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目的调查分析2012年北京市丰台区公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生状况,探讨其影响因素并为卫生管理提供技术支持。方法依据《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》,检测集中空调送风中细菌总数、真菌、β-溶血性链球菌及PM10,风管内表面细菌总数、真菌总数、积尘量,冷却(凝)水中嗜肺军团菌。结果丰台区集中空调通风系统送风中细菌总数、真菌总数、β-溶血性链球菌、PM10合格率分别为61.42%、88.89%、100.00%、90.91%,风管内表面积尘量、细菌总数、真菌总数合格率分别为100.00%、100.00%、99.20%,冷却(凝)水中嗜肺军团菌合格率为98.20%,血清分型以LP1型为主。集中空调送风中细菌总数存在着明显的季节性差异(χ2=12.338,P<0.01),而送风中真菌、PM10未见明显的季节性差异(χ2=3.155,P>0.05;χ2=6.976,P>0.05)。不同类型集中空调送风中细菌总数、真菌未见明显差异(χ2=5.782,P>0.05;χ2=2.653,P>0.05)。结论细菌总数、真菌总数、PM10是丰台区集中空调送风卫生质量的主要影响因素,应加强集中空调管理,定期清洗消毒,并主动开展卫生委托监测。
Objective To investigate and analyze the health status of central air conditioning and ventilation system in public places in Fengtai District of Beijing in 2012, discuss the influencing factors and provide technical support for health management. Methods According to Hygienic Standard for Ventilation System of Central Air Conditioning System in Public Places, the total number of bacteria, fungi, β-hemolytic streptococci and PM10, the total number of bacteria in the air duct, the total number of fungi, the amount of dust accumulated, Legionella pneumophila in water. Results The total number of bacteria, fungi, β-hemolytic streptococci and PM10 were 61.42%, 88.89%, 100.00% and 90.91% respectively in Feng-ke district centralized air-conditioning and ventilation system air supply, The total qualified rate was 100.00%, 100.00% and 99.20%, respectively. The passing rate of Legionella pneumophila in cooling (condensing) water was 98.20%. The serotypes were mainly LP1. There was a significant seasonal difference (χ2 = 12.338, P <0.01) in the total amount of bacteria in the air-conditioned air supply, while there was no obvious seasonal difference in the airborne fungi and PM10 (χ2 = 3.155, P> 0.05; , P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in the number of bacteria and fungi among the different types of air conditioners (χ2 = 5.782, P> 0.05; χ2 = 2.653, P> 0.05). Conclusion The total number of bacteria, the total number of fungi, PM10 is Fengtai district centralized air conditioning air supply hygienic quality of the main factors that should be strengthened centralized air conditioning management, regular cleaning and disinfection, and take the initiative to carry out health commissioned monitoring.