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目的了解深圳市宝安区沙井街道未婚外来女工生殖健康的需求和现状,探索有效的社区干预措施模式,从而提高其生殖健康水平。方法 2011年1月—2012年1月采取整群抽样的方法,抽取深圳市宝安区沙井街道2个超过1 000名女工的工厂作为调查点,采用自行设计的调查表对工厂未婚外来女工进行问卷调查并进行社区干预,对干预措施实施前后的2次调查表进行统计学分析。结果通过社区干预措施后,未婚外来女工的各项生殖健康知识知晓率明显提高(均P<0.05),月经期性生活(从干预前的41.2%下降到干预后的5.2%)和人工流产(从干预前的32.9%下降到干预后的6.1%)等不安全性行为明显降低(均P<0.05),自我保健意识明显增强。结论绝大多数未婚外来女工生殖保健知识水平低,需要社区干预,通过健康教育宣传普及外来女工的生殖健康知识,对提高外来女工的生殖健康水平意义重大。
Objective To understand the needs and current status of reproductive health of unmarried migrant women workers in Shajing Street, Bao’an District, Shenzhen and to explore effective modes of community intervention so as to improve their reproductive health. Methods From January 2011 to January 2012, a cluster sampling method was used to select two factories with more than 1,000 women workers in Shajing Street, Bao’an District, Shenzhen as the investigation points. Questionnaires were drawn on the unmarried women workers at the factory using self-designed questionnaires. Investigate and conduct community interventions, and conduct a statistical analysis of the two questionnaires before and after the implementation of the interventions. Results After the community intervention, the awareness rate of reproductive health of unmarried women migrant workers increased significantly (both P <0.05), menstrual sex life (from 41.2% before intervention to 5.2% after intervention) and induced abortion From 32.9% before the intervention to 6.1% after the intervention) and other unsafe behaviors were significantly lower (both P <0.05), self-care awareness was significantly increased. Conclusions The vast majority of unmarried migrant female workers have low level of knowledge of reproductive health and need community intervention. The publicity and popularization of reproductive health knowledge of migrant women through health education are of great significance to improving the reproductive health of migrant women workers.