3D生物打印可以快速生产替代患者缺损的组织结构，可以使所需组织的各个要素之间的空间关系更加精确。本综述讨论了合成聚合物在胸外科特别是肺、食管、气管的替代应用的研究进展并显示了迄今为止有关该主题的优势和局限性，此外，还提及许多依赖于3D打印的聚合物支架，这些支架可以转换为生物打印，其结果适用于未来生物打印的扩展。未来仍然需要更多的临床应用研究，朝着更加实用化的方向发展。“,”3D bioprinting allows the rapid production of replacement structures for tissue defects, which can lead to more precise spatial relationships between various elements of the desired tissue. This review discusses the progress of research on alternative applications of synthetic polymers in thoracic surgery, especially in the lungs, esophagus, and trachea, and shows the advantages and limitations so far on this topic. In addition, many polymer scaffolds that rely on 3D printing are mentioned, which can be converted to bioprinting, the results of which are applicable to the future expansion of bioprinting. There is still a need for more research on clinical applications toward a more practical approach.