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行政诉讼中严重违反法定程序收集的证据不能作为定案依据,但现行规范并未明确程序违法的严重程度如何界定。考察现有案例,发现法院在判定是否严重违反法定程序时,首先根据法律、法规、司法解释和规章中收集证据的程序规定作初步判断,并结合程序违法是否导致证据实质真实性的欠缺得出结论;在未有明确的法定程序规定时,参考全面、客观、公正的调查取证原则作为判断基准。在目前立法模式下宜增加例外适用规则,即在排除适用严重违反法定程序收集的证据前提下,亦承认存在例外采用情形,以缓和实务中产生的矛盾。
The evidence collected in the serious lawsuit in administrative litigation can not be used as the basis for the verdict, but the current norms do not define how the severity of the procedural law is defined. When examining the existing cases, we find that when determining whether a serious violation of legal procedures, the court first make preliminary judgments based on the procedures for collecting evidence in laws, regulations, judicial interpretations and rules, and in combination with whether procedural violations result in the lack of substantial evidence Conclusion; In the absence of a clear statutory procedure, reference to a comprehensive, objective and fair principle of investigation and evidence collection as a benchmark. Under the current legislative model, we should increase the exception applicable rule, that is, under the premise of excluding evidence collected for serious violation of legal procedures, we also recognize the existence of an exception to ease the contradictions arising from practice.