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为控制铁路车轮的振动和噪声辐射,采用模态叠加法分析车轮频率响应,利用ANSYS建立车轮结构有限元模型,根据0～10 000 Hz的模态计算0～5 000 Hz内的频率响应,用Block Lanzos法计算50～5 000 Hz内车轮的固有频率和振型,分析车轮的固有模态和导纳特性.研究结果表明:车轮在名义接触点处受到不同方向激励时所得的导纳特性与车轮相应的模态有关;对于车轮不同接触点处的激励,在1 000 Hz以下频段,轮缘轴向激励引起的径向导纳大于踏面径向激励引起的径向导纳,在其他频段,踏面径向激励引起的径向导纳都比轮缘激励引起的径向导纳大.铁路车轮导纳分析有助于探明车轮噪声产生的机理,是轮轨噪声分析的基础.
In order to control the vibration and noise radiation of railway wheels, the modal superposition method was used to analyze the wheel frequency response. The wheel structure finite element model was established by ANSYS. The frequency response from 0 to 5000 Hz was calculated according to the modal from 0 to 10 000 Hz. Block Lanzos method is used to calculate the natural frequencies and modes of the wheels in the range of 50-5000 Hz, and the natural modes and admittance characteristics of the wheels are analyzed.The results show that the admittance characteristics obtained when the wheels are excited in different directions at the nominal contact points are similar to For the wheel excitation at different contact points, the radial admittance caused by the axial excitation of the wheel flange is greater than the radial admittance caused by the radial excitation of the tread wheel in the frequency band below 1 000 Hz. In other frequency bands, the tread diameter Radial admittance to the excitation is larger than the radial admittance caused by the rim excitation.Analysis of railway wheel admittance helps to find out the mechanism of wheel noise generation and is the basis of wheel and rail noise analysis.