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封建社会可以分为领主经济和地主经济两个阶段。中国封建社会历时比西欧长得多 ,因为中国的地主经济阶段比西欧长得多。这就是中国封建社会发展迟缓问题的实质。西欧进入地主经济阶段和在农村中产生资本主义是同时的。中国进入地主经济封建社会 ,是由于要突破农村公社———井田制———对生产力发展的束缚 ,因而以秦国的商鞅变法和秦统一天下为契机 ,在经济上废井田、开阡陌、土地民得以买卖 ,变领主经济为地主经济 ,在政治上废封建、置郡县 ,变贵族政治为官僚政治。地主经济这一经济基础及由其产生的三位一体公式、官僚政治及其支柱科举制度这一政治上层建筑、儒家学说这一思想上层建筑、被科举制度打乱的阶级关系 ,即四位一体公式等 ,使中国地主经济封建制度得以延长 ,资本主义产生困难。
Feudal society can be divided into lord economy and landlord economy in two stages. China’s feudal society lasted much longer than Western Europe, because China’s landlord economy stage much longer than Western Europe. This is the essence of the problem of the slow development of Chinese feudal society. The entry of Western Europe into the economic phase of landlords coincides with the generation of capitalism in rural areas. China’s accession to landowners economy feudal society is due to break through the shackles of rural communes --- well field --- on the development of productive forces, and therefore take Shang Yang’s reform of Qin and Qin unified world as an opportunity to economically abandoned fields, People have been able to buy and sell, changing the economy of the lord to the economy of the landlords, ending the political occupation of feudalism, setting up counties and changing aristocracy into bureaucratic politics. The economic basis of the landlord economy and its resulting triad formula, the bureaucratic politics and its pillar imperial examination system of the political superstructure, the Confucian doctrine of the superstructure, disrupted by the imperial examination system class relations, the four in one formula , So that China’s landowners economy feudal system can be extended, capitalism is difficult.