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早春低温冷害是黑龙江省主要的自然灾害之一,已成为影响玉米产量水平提高的重要因素。选择了不同耐冷玉米种质8份,按GriffingⅡ的设计组配,分析低温逆境下玉米出苗及幼苗期性状的遗传规律。相关分析表明,相对出苗指数、相对出苗率、相对苗干重、相对根干重两两相关,相对出苗率与相对根总长相关,上述性状适合作为玉米幼苗耐冷性鉴定的指标。不同亲本的GCA方差、不同组合的SCA方差在相对出苗率、相对发芽指数、相对苗干重、相对根干重、相对根总长等性状上的差异显著。非加性基因效应在相对出苗率、相对发芽指数、相对苗干重、相对根干重、相对根总长中起到重要作用,且狭义遗传力普遍较低,各性状均低于50%,高低次序为相对发芽指数>相对出苗率>相对根干重>相对苗干重>相对根总长,上述性状选择适宜在中晚代进行选择。
Chilling injury in early spring is one of the major natural disasters in Heilongjiang Province and has become an important factor affecting the improvement of corn production. Eight different germplasms of cold-tolerant maize were chosen to study the genetic rules of maize emergence and seedling traits under low temperature stress according to the design of GriffingⅡ. Correlation analysis showed that relative germination index, relative germination rate, relative dry weight of seedlings and relative dry weight were correlated with each other. The relative germination rate was related to the total length of relative roots. The above traits were suitable for the identification of cold tolerance in maize seedlings. GCA variance of different parents, different combinations of SCA variance in the relative germination rate, relative germination index, relative dry weight of seedlings, relative dry weight, relative root length and other traits significant difference. The non-additive gene effect played an important role in relative germination rate, relative germination index, relative dry weight of seedlings, relative dry weight and relative root length, and the heritability in narrow sense was generally low, and the traits of all the traits were lower than 50% The order of relative germination index> relative germination rate> relative root dry weight> relative seedling dry weight> relative root length, the above traits are suitable for selection in the middle and late generations.