铅是有害重金属 ,在人体内无任何生理作用 ,理想血铅浓度应为零。但随着现代工业、交通业的发展 ,环境铅污染对儿童 ,特别是对胎儿及婴幼儿健康的损害 ,尤其在低水平环境铅暴露下 ,对其大脑和神经发育的毒性危害 ,已经引起广泛重视〔1〕。 2 0世纪 6 0年代起 ,国外就已对儿童铅 Lead is harmful heavy metals, without any physiological effect in the human body, the ideal blood lead concentration should be zero. However, with the development of modern industry and transportation, the environmental lead pollution damages the health of children, especially the fetus and infants and young children. The toxic hazard to brain and nerve development, especially exposed to low levels of environmental lead, has caused widespread Emphasis [1]. Since the 1960s, foreign children have been on lead