中国学生在英语写作、翻译中经常出现由于对目的语文化背景知识的缺乏造成的错误。通过对英语写作、翻译的社会文化背景、英语跨文化写作的文化性和交际性、母语及文化对英语写作、翻译的影响的分析,找到了学生出现此类错误的原因,认为跨文化交际能力的培养在写、译教学中是重要的,教师应采取一些有效的对策。 Chinese students often have mistakes in English writing and translation due to the lack of knowledge of the cultural background of the target language. Through analyzing the social and cultural backgrounds of English writing and translation, the cultural and communicative nature of English cross-cultural writing, and the influence of mother tongue and culture on English writing and translation, we have found the reasons why students have made such mistakes and believe that they have cross-cultural communication skills. The training is important in writing and translating teaching. Teachers should take some effective countermeasures.