消费与收入的关系对于制定宏观经济政策具有十分重要的意义,所以,居民收入与居民消费的关系一直是经济学家持久关注和研究的问题。根据凯恩斯的宏观经济理论,消费需求作为总需求的一个重要组成部分,在一定时期内较为稳定且变化不大,除非收入有较大水平的提高,才有可能促使消费需求的大幅提升。斯密西斯认为,在短期内消费者根据现期收入水平来决定其现有收入的多少用于消费,消费占收入的比例随现有收入的提高而下降;但在居民的长期消费中,除了收入对消费的影响外,还有其他诸多因素会对消费产生影响,因而从长期看,收入与消费具有稳定的比例关系。 The relationship between consumption and income is of great significance for the formulation of macroeconomic policies. Therefore, the relationship between residents’ income and household consumption has always been a persistent concern and study by economists. According to Keynes’s macroeconomic theory, consumer demand, as an important part of aggregate demand, has been relatively stable and has not changed much over a certain period of time. Unless there is a large increase in income, consumer demand may be greatly boosted. In the short term, according to Smites, consumers decide how much their current income will be spent on consumption according to the current income level, and the proportion of consumption as a percentage of income declines with the increase of existing income. However, in the long-term consumption of residents, In addition to the impact of income on consumption, there are many other factors that will have an impact on consumption. Therefore, in the long run, there is a steady and proportional relationship between income and consumption.