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红树林是一种分布于潮间带的特殊森林,其生态系统与陆地生态系统无论在功能、作用,还是在物质和能量交换机制等方面都存在着很大的差异。为了探讨更适用于红树林景观空间结构的分析方法,笔者从红树林功能和作用方面,尤其是其消浪护岸作用的角度,讨论了海湾内理想的红树林空间分布,在此基础上定义了红树林丰度、空间分布均匀度、红树林岸线长度比例、高效护岸红树林面积比例4个红树林景观空间结构分析指标,介绍了根据红树林和海岸线空间分布图通过空间叠置分析计算这些指标的方法,并利用此方法对广西珍珠港、茅尾海和铁山港的红树林空间结构进行了分析。结果表明:这4个指标不但与红树林数量有关,也与其空间分布状态(斑块位置、形状、大小)以及与海岸线长度和空间位置有关,反映了红树林在海湾内的空间结构状态,既可用于同一时期不同海湾红树林数量的比较分析,也可用于同一海湾不同年度红树林数量的比较分析,并可对红树林景观空间结构进行优化。
Mangroves are special forests distributed in the intertidal zone, and their ecosystems and terrestrial ecosystems are very different in terms of their function and function, as well as their material and energy exchange mechanisms. In order to explore the more suitable analytical methods of mangrove landscape spatial structure, the author discussed the ideal spatial distribution of mangroves within the bay from the perspectives of mangrove function and function, especially the role of wave-breaking revetment. On the basis of this, Mangrove abundance, Spatial distribution uniformity, Shoreline length ratio of mangroves, Percentage of mangrove area of high-efficiency revetment, Four mangrove landscape spatial structure analysis indicators, Based on the spatial distribution of mangroves and coastline, Index method, and uses this method to analyze the spatial structure of mangroves in Pearl Harbor, Maweihai and Tieshangang in Guangxi. The results show that these four indices are not only related to the number of mangroves, but also related to their spatial distribution (location, shape and size of patches), length and spatial location of coastlines, reflecting the spatial structure of mangroves in the bay. It can be used for the comparative analysis of mangroves of different gulfs in the same period. It can also be used for the comparative analysis of mangroves in different years in the same bay, and can optimize the mangrove landscape spatial structure.