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五十年前,青霉素、链霉素等临床有效的抗生素的发现,激励人们大规模地寻找其他具有生物活性的微生物代谢产物,获得了了大批有价值的新型抗生素并广泛地用于医药、农业和营养学等领域。但是自七十年代以来,新抗生素发现的几率急剧下降。以医用抗生素为例,目前获得一个具有治疗价值的新抗生素通常要筛选10 000个具有显著生物活性的化合物。虽然不断开拓和发展更敏感和更具选择性的筛选方法为发现结构新颖的天然产物注入了新的活力,但是仍受到天然微生物种类的限制。人们利用重组DNA
Fifty years ago, the discovery of clinically effective antibiotics, such as penicillin and streptomycin, has motivated people to find other biologically active microbial metabolites on a large scale. They have acquired a large number of valuable new antibiotics and are widely used in medicine and agriculture And nutrition and other fields. However, since the seventies, the chances of finding new antibiotics have dropped drastically. Taking medical antibiotics as an example, at present, obtaining a new antibiotic with therapeutic value usually selects 10,000 compounds with significant biological activity. Although constant exploration and development of more sensitive and selective screening methods have infused new vitality into the discovery of novel natural products, they are still limited by the nature of the natural microorganisms. People use recombinant DNA