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“培养”一词意涵丰富,原指农作物的培植,但被孟子和阿奎那用于描述德性修养的复杂过程。他们都认为,人的德性之端或种子受之于天或上帝,是人性的一部分,只有通过培养才能发展它们。只有培养德性,才能实现人性,并最终实现人的天命或终极目的。对二人来说,乐于为善行德,才是德性的真谛。尽管二人在人性、德性以及德性的培养等问题上有很多相似之处,但彼此侧重点还是有所不同。孟子认为人性本善,但人之为人需要培养德性之端,而在德性培养中心志情感、人伦关系和成长环境等尤为重要。阿奎那则区分了自然之德与神学之德,发展了潜能与实现等概念,强调培养德性就是培养习惯,突出理性的地位,从而较好地应对德性培养中的成功与失败问题。
The word “cultivating” is rich in meaning, originally referring to the cultivation of crops, but was used by Mencius and Aquinas to describe the complex process of virtue cultivation. They all think that the moral end or the seed of man is subject to heaven or God and is a part of human nature, and they can be developed only through cultivation. Only by cultivating virtue can we realize human nature and finally realize the ultimate goal or ultimate goal of man. For two people, willingness to good morality, is the essence of virtue. Although there are many similarities between the two in such issues as the cultivation of human nature, virtue and virtue, the emphasis is still different from each other. Mencius believes that human nature is good, but human beings need to cultivate the virtuous end, while in the cultivation of morality aspirations, relationships and the environment for growth are especially important. Aquinas distinguished the virtues of nature and theology, developed the concepts of potentiality and realization, emphasized that to cultivate virtue was to cultivate habits and highlight the status of reason, so as to better deal with the problems of success and failure in cultivating virtue.