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朱熹生活时代的时文指的是为应试而写的文章。虽然朱熹年少时写过时文,并且以时文中举,但他对于时文的态度却是较为复杂的。朱熹经常批评时文,但他并没有以所有的时文为批评对象,也没有完全否定时文。朱熹的时文批评主要集中在以下三个方面:批评语言文字上“太细腻,流于委靡”“文字多是轻浮”的时文,而肯定豪壮有气魄的时文;批评思想内容“侮圣人之言”的时文和只在题目上合说廉、义,而不关自家身己些子事的人,而肯定说得“天地之性人为贵”义理的时文;批评时文坏了社会风气、士子精神。另外,朱熹也提出了“深资广取”“隐括以至理”“得义在内”的改良措施。值得一提的是,朱熹在论时文时,也对与之相关的科举制度提出了批评和改良建议。
The epoch of Zhu Xi’s life time refers to the essay written for the exam. Although Zhu Xi wrote an old-fashioned essay and recited it in his essay, his attitude towards the essay was rather complicated. Zhu Xi often criticized the essay, but he did not use all the essay as a critic, nor did he completely deny the essay. Zhu Xi’s time criticism mainly focuses on the following three aspects: Criticism of the language on the text “too delicate, outdated ” “text is frivolous ” time, and affirmative and bold style; criticism Content, “insulting sage words” and the text only on the topic of honesty and righteousness, but not related to those who have their own things, and certainly say Shi Wen; criticism of the text when the bad social atmosphere, the spirit of the scholar. In addition, Zhu Xi also proposed the improvement measure of “deep taken wide ” “implicit to reason ” “righteousness ”. It is worth mentioning that Zhu Xi also criticized and suggested improvements to the imperial examination system related to it when he was talking about the essay.