有关经济增长和发展的讨论中出现两种相互对立的倾向。一种是无所不在的全球化,认为它既是贸易、资本、劳动力和技术流动的原因,又是其结果。在贸易和投资自由化的推动下,竞争市场刺激了一个日益扩大的无边界世界里的增长、生产率和生活标准(Ohmac 1995)。由于诸经济体是通过国际劳动分工、产品周期和全球性信息基础设施的发展而联结着,经济增长便成了既是竞争性的,又是相互依存的。 There are two opposing tendencies in the discussions on economic growth and development. One is ubiquitous globalization, which sees it as both the cause and the result of the flows of trade, capital, labor and technology. Driven by the liberalization of trade and investment, competitive markets have stimulated growth, productivity and living standards in an ever-expanding and borderless world (Ohmac 1995). As economies are linked through the development of the international division of labor, product cycles and the global information infrastructure, economic growth has become both competitive and interdependent.