疾病的监测(Surveillance)是一项流行病学工作。它是一种系统的、规则的探知某种急性疾病发生率的方法,其主要目的为确定疾病趋势的变动或疾病的分布,以便开展调查研究或控制措施。19世纪当John Snow调查霍乱,按户画霍乱分布地区图以及William Farr在分析流行趋势并进行预测时,都已提出了监测的思想,使用了以后被称为监测的技术。后来监测被用于一些严重的传染病,如 Surveillance is an epidemiological work. It is a systematic and regular way of ascertaining the incidence of an acute illness whose main purpose is to determine changes in disease trends or the distribution of the disease in order to conduct investigations or control measures. When John Snow investigated the cholera in the 19th century, plotted cholera by region, and William Farr analyzed trends and made predictions, the idea of ​​monitoring was put forward in the 19th century and used what was later known as monitoring. Later monitoring was used for some serious infectious diseases, such as