金属铬在职业卫生中的现代概念

来源 :职业卫生与病伤 | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:tiger_0003
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150多年前就已认识到6价铬盐对接触人员有危害,1827年有人报告了接触重铬酸钾可引起皮肤溃疡和皮炎及鼻中隔穿孔或溃疡,也有报告接触铬盐可发生迟发性接触性皮炎。第二世界大战期间,德国流行病学研究首次证实了铬盐的吸入与肺癌有关。铬化合物有多种化合价状态,但经常遇到的是2价、3价和6价铬,它们分别为碱性、两性和酸性,3价铬最稳定。低化合价的形式易被氧化,高化合价形式易被还原,这个因素在考虑到铬化合物对环境的污染时是很重要的。3价铬(除无机盐形式以外) More than 150 years ago, it was recognized that hexavalent chromium salts are harmful to contact personnel. It was reported in 1827 that contact with potassium dichromate can cause skin ulcers and dermatitis and nasal septal perforation or ulcer. It has also been reported that exposure to chromium salts may cause delayed contact Dermatitis. During the Second World War, German epidemiological studies confirmed for the first time that inhalation of chromium salts was associated with lung cancer. Chromium compounds have a variety of valence states, but the most frequently encountered are the divalent, trivalent, and hexavalent chromium, which are basic, amphoteric and acidic, respectively, and the trivalent chromium is the most stable. Low valence forms are easily oxidized and high valence forms are easily reduced, a factor that is important when considering the environmental pollution of chromium compounds. Trivalent chromium (other than inorganic salts)
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