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职田是宋代官员俸禄的一个重要组成部分。从宋真宗朝始到南宋亡,职田制实行了二百八十年之久。职田不仅关系到官员们在职期间的切身物质利益,而且涉及到官员与官员、官员与封建国家的利益冲突问题(即统治阶级内部的矛盾);同时还涉及到官员与租佃职田的佃户之间的利益冲突(即主要表现敌对阶级之间的矛盾)。本文试图通过对宋代职田制的实施过程与变革、职田的经营与收入分配等方面的论述,透视其利弊得失,评价“厚俸养廉”政策的性质与作用。不当之处,希冀学者们指正。 一、职田制的实施过程与变革 职田与官员的品阶职位相联系,源远流
Work field is an important part of the salary of officials in Song Dynasty. From the beginning of Song Dynasty to Southern Song Dynasty, the system of practicing duty was implemented for two hundred and eighty years. The job field not only concerns the vital material interests of officials during their tenure of office, but also involves the conflict of interests between officials and officials, officials and feudal states (ie the conflicts within the ruling class); it also involves officials and tenants Conflict of interests (that is, the main manifestation of the contradictions between the hostile classes). This paper tries to appraise the pros and cons of pros and cons by appraising the implementation process and change of career field system in the Song Dynasty, management of job field and income distribution, and evaluates the nature and function of the policy of “supporting the rich and supporting the poor”. Inappropriate, I hope scholars correct me. First, the system of implementation of the system of working fields is linked to the transformation of career fields and official positions, and is well established