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探讨美国分立政府与一致政府相关议题已成为政治学界研究的主流之一。本文着重于公共行政与政策方面,旨在检视分立政府与一致政府运作的影响差异。其主要呈现在六个面向:其一,法案制定过程的顺畅与否;其二,法案品质良莠的争辩;其三,国防政策与外交政策的拟定;其四,不同政策法案之间的延续性争议;其五,总体经济表现的差异,以及财政赤字窜升的问题;其六,议会的监督权限,是否对于行政部门过度行使调查权。关于一致政府与分立政府的体制运作及其影响,迄今仍未发展出一套周全的学说,足以为多数学界所认同。换言之,相对于一致政府的运作,分立政府是否较易导致政策滞塞、停顿与缺乏效率,以及行政与立法部门之间的僵局,仍是众说纷纭,莫衷一是。
It has become one of the main research topics in political science to study the issues related to the separation of the government from the government in the United States. This article focuses on public administration and policy, aimed at examining the differences between the effects of a separate government and a concerted government. First, the smooth process of the bill making process; Second, the good and bad quality of the bill debate; Third, the formulation of national defense policy and foreign policy; Fourth, the continuation of the different policy acts Sexual Disputes; Fifth, the overall economic performance of the differences, as well as the problem of rising fiscal deficit; Sixth, the parliamentary oversight authority, whether for the executive branch to exercise excessive investigative power. As for the system operation and its influence of a concerted government and a separate government, so far no comprehensive theory has been developed and it is enough to be accepted by most academic circles. In other words, there is still a wide range of divergences over the operation of a consultative government, whether it will be easier for the separatist government to cause policy lags, pauses and inefficiencies, and the stalemate between the executive and the legislature.