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目的分析南通市2005—2014年乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝)流行特征,进一步探讨乙肝疫苗的免疫策略。方法收集全国法定传染病报告管理信息系统中南通市2005—2014年新发急性和未分类乙肝进行流行病学分析。结果 2005—2014年南通市累积新发急性和未分类乙肝共5 140例,年平均发病率为7.14/10万,有下降趋势(χ2trend=1 754.43,P<0.05)。乙肝发病以青壮年为主,15~60岁占总发病的89.11%;男性发病率高于女性(χ2=8.21,P<0.05),男女发病比为3.17∶1;职业构成以农民居多(54.71%),其次是工人(14.94%)、民工(5.54%)和学生(4.98%)。乙肝发病无季节性。南通市9个县市区均有报告,如东县、海门市和通州区累计发病占前3位。调查3 067例发病者乙肝疫苗的接种率仅为2.18%。结论南通市乙肝高发病率人群为青壮年男性劳动者,因此,应在新生儿常规免疫的基础上将青壮年乙肝疫苗接种纳入社区初级保健和农民医保中,从而提高青壮年的乙肝疫苗接种率,以降低全人群的乙肝感染率。
Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Nantong City from 2005 to 2014 and to further explore the immunization strategy of hepatitis B vaccine. Methods The epidemiological analysis of newly diagnosed acute and non-classified hepatitis B in Central Nantong City from 2005 to 2014 was collected. Results A total of 5 140 acute and non-classified hepatitis B patients were newly diagnosed in Nantong from 2005 to 2014, with an average annual incidence of 7.14 / 100 000, showing a decreasing trend (χ2trend = 1 754.43, P <0.05). The incidence of hepatitis B was mainly young and middle-aged, accounting for 89.11% of the total incidence in 15-60 years old; the incidence of male was higher than that of female (χ2 = 8.21, P <0.05); the incidence of male and female was 3.17:1; %), Followed by workers (14.94%), migrant workers (5.54%) and students (4.98%). Hepatitis B is not seasonal. Nantong City, nine counties have reported that Rudong County, Haimen City and Tongzhou District cumulative incidence accounted for the top three. Survey 3 067 cases of hepatitis B vaccine inoculation rate of only 2.18%. Conclusion The population with high incidence of hepatitis B in Nantong City is young and middle-aged male laborer. Therefore, young and middle-aged hepatitis B vaccination should be included in community primary health care and peasants health insurance on the basis of routine immunization of neonates so as to improve the hepatitis B vaccination rate , To reduce the rate of hepatitis B infection in the whole population.