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今天人们所谓组合式屋顶(BUR)最早出现在19世纪50年代末和60年代初。早期的建筑屋顶料使用由煤馏油精制中得到的废料—煤焦油作为基材。当时有60家精炼厂。1859年8月钻出了第一口油井,1861建立了精炼原油的第一个炼油厂。原油精炼的最后产品—柏油很快地代替了煤焦油,并且成为当时一直被使用的屋顶材料。柏油是一种廉价的受欢迎的沥青的取代物,因为它在加热时有较好的耐紫外光照变形性能,在受冷时也不会象沥青那样发生硬化和变脆。
Today, the so-called combined roof (BUR) first appeared in the late 1850s and early 60s. Early building roofing materials used coal tar, a waste material derived from refining of coal distillates. There were 60 refineries at the time. In August 1859, the first oil well was drilled, and in 1861, the first refinery for refining crude oil was established. The final product of crude oil refining, asphalt, quickly replaced coal tar and became the roof material that was used at the time. Asphalt is a cheap and popular substitute for asphalt because it has better resistance to ultraviolet light deformation when heated and does not harden and become brittle like asphalt when cold.