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对圣人问题的探讨是揭开荻生徂徕思想极其重要的一环。本文通过徂徕的文本梳理与义理剖析,阐明其笔下的圣人区别于我们通常对于圣人的理解。徂徕所定义的圣人是不可得而知、不以其德论之的参与礼乐刑政制作的先王。在此基础上进一步对处在圣人这一群体中具有特殊身份的孔子进行了深入探讨,从而明确徂徕是如何肯定孔子作为区别于先王之圣人的特殊“圣人”定位的。最后,从圣人聪明睿智之德受诸于天以及“四民”皆“役人”的角度,分析徂徕否定后人成圣的必要性与可能性,揭示了徂徕认为圣人不可学而至的原因及其理由所在。
The discussion of the problem of saints is an extremely important part of revealing the thought of Orson. Through the analysis of the texts and the analysis of justice, this essay clarifies that the saints in his works are different from our usual understanding of saints. The saint defined in the poem is not known, nor is it the righteous king’s participation in the Ritual Penitentiary. On this basis, the author further probes into Confucius who has a special status in this group of saints, so as to make clear how Luan affirms Confucius as a special “saint” as distinguished from the savior of the kings. Finally, from the perspective of the wise and wise virtues of the saints, the necessity and possibility of negating the sanctification of future generations are analyzed from the perspectives of “heaven and the four civilizations” and “servicemen”, revealing The reason for the study and its reason.