肝癌是全球最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,有较高的致死率。2008年全球肝癌新发病例约748 300例,死亡病例约695 900例。其中我国大陆地区新发肝癌患者和死于肝癌患者数量均占全球50%左右[1]。原发性肝癌有70%~85%为肝细胞癌(HCC),其中85%以上是由乙型肝炎(乙肝)病毒(HBV)慢性感染所致[2]。HBV感染已成为我国重大公共卫生问题。HBV基因全长大约为3.2×103 bp,共存在4 Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world with a high lethality rate. In 2008, there were about 748 300 new cases of liver cancer worldwide and about 695 900 deaths. Among them, the number of new-onset liver cancer patients and the number of patients died of liver cancer in mainland China accounted for about 50% of the world [1]. 70% -85% of primary liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), of which more than 85% are caused by chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection [2]. HBV infection has become a major public health problem in our country. The total length of HBV gene is about 3.2 × 103 bp, coexisting in 4