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本文旨在探讨中国西北农村18~21岁青年的职业获得与其所受教育水平、家庭背景和社区环境的关系。根据甘肃省81个县的抽样调查数据,建立了影响农村青年工作因素的模型、职业分类的比较模型和影响农村青年省外工作的模型。数据分析结果表明:教育是西北农村青年职业获得的决定性因素,初中毕业、工作培训对是否工作过有显著性影响。西北农村青年劳动力受教育程度越高越能从事脑力劳动工作,中专学历与大专学历在从事体力和脑力劳动上有显著性差异。西北社区(村子)经济贫乏是导致青年劳动力外流(到省外)的主要原因,上过职业高中会增加到省外工作的几率。农村青年劳动力所从事的是暂时的、不稳定的工作,他们是新生代农民工阶层的代表。
The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between occupational attainment and the level of education, family background and community environment of youth aged 18-21 in rural Northwest China. Based on the sample survey data of 81 counties in Gansu Province, a model of the factors affecting the work of rural youth, the comparative model of occupational classification and the model of affecting the work of rural youth outside the province were established. The results of data analysis show that education is the decisive factor for the employment of young people in the northwestern rural areas. Graduation from junior high school and job training have a significant impact on whether they work or not. Northwest rural youth labor force higher education more able to engage in mental work, secondary education and tertiary qualifications in physical and mental work have significant differences. The poor economy in the northwestern community (village) is the main reason leading to the outflow of young labor (going out of the province), and the chances of attending high school in vocational schools increase their work outside the province. Rural youth workforce are engaged in temporary and unstable work, and they represent the new generation of migrant workers.