人们之所以建立企业这种组织形式,其原意是认为它可以把商业活动中相关的环节整合在一起,以减少交易成本,形成协同效应,提高效率和在市场上的竞争力。这也是大家通常认为大企业的优势所在。可是,这种初始的美好用意很容易随着企业不断扩大规模而变成一种美好的愿望。企业这种人们创造起来的组织形式往往会随着不断变大、变复杂而难以驾驭。它像一只养大了的老虎,并不总是按照人们的意愿行动。大企业交易成本不一 The reason why people establish the organizational form of an enterprise is that it intends to integrate the relevant links in commercial activities so as to reduce transaction costs, create synergies, improve efficiency and competitiveness in the market. This is also the common belief that large companies have the advantage. However, this initial goodwill can easily become a goodwill as the business expands in size. Organizations that are created by such enterprises often tend to be complicated and unmanageable as they grow larger and larger. It is like a raised tiger and does not always act according to people’s wishes. Big business transaction costs vary