控制和避免细菌耐药需要综合治理,就临床而言,则以合理用药最为关键。合理用药是一个普遍原则。由于感染性疾病诊断经常存在某些不确定性,病原微生物众多而病原学诊断技术发展滞后,加之教育不足和部分医生的惰性与惯性,合理应用抗菌药物的原则在相当程度上没有得到切实的贯彻和 Control and avoid bacterial resistance need comprehensive management, in clinical terms, the most crucial to rational drug use. Rational drug use is a universal principle. Due to the frequent existence of some uncertainties in the diagnosis of infectious diseases, the large number of pathogenic microorganisms and the lag in the development of etiological diagnosis techniques, combined with the lack of education and the inertia and inertia of some doctors, the principle of rational use of antimicrobial agents has not been effectively implemented with