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肺癌是中国发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤。筛查与早诊早治是降低人群肺癌死亡率的有效措施。制定符合中国国情的肺癌筛查与早诊早治指南，将极大推进中国肺癌筛查的同质性和优质性，提高肺癌筛查的效果。指南受国家卫生健康委员会疾病预防控制局委托与指导，由国家癌症中心发起，联合多学科专家共同制定。指南整合近年来国内外在肺癌筛查与早诊早治方面的新进展，同时考虑中国国情和肺癌筛查的实际经验，根据世界卫生组织指南制定手册的原则和方法，针对肺癌筛查过程中的筛查人群、技术、流程等给出了详细的循证推荐，旨在规范肺癌筛查与早诊早治实践，提升中国肺癌防控效果。“,”In China, the malignant tumor with the highest incidence and motality is lung cancer (LC). As screening and early detection and treatment are effective in reducing LC mortality, formulating a guideline in line with China′s national conditions for the screening and early detection and treatment of LC will greatly promote the homogeneity and accuracy of LC screening, and result in an improvement of the effectiveness of LC screening. Commissioned and directed by the Disease Prevention and Control Bureau of the National Health Commission of the People′s Republic of China, the guidline was initiated by the National Cancer Center of China and formulated with joint effort by experts from different disciplines. Following the principles and methods in WHO Handbook for Guideline Development, the guidline integrates the latest development in LC screening and early diagnosis and treatment worldwide while fully considering China′s national conditions and practical experience in LC screening. It provides detailed evidence-based recommendations for different aspects of LC screening, such as the targeted population, the technologies and the procedures, to regulate the practices of LC screening and early diagnosis and treatment and enhance the effectiveness of the prevention and control of LC in China.