通常的节流膨胀是个绝热过程。它发生于稳定气流中,并且在系统边界上气流速度不变的情况下作外功。为实际实现节流膨胀,需在气体流动的途中设置一个流体阻力。我们发现,如果采用一种专门的装置作流体阻力,那么,就有可能将波能传出系统外。这样,就有可能使膨胀过程更接近可逆过程。我们称这种装置为波转换器。它将膨胀气体的能量转变为谐振能。为实现气体膨胀和产生弹性谐振(我们 The usual throttling is an adiabatic process. It occurs in a steady stream of gas and provides external work at constant flow velocities at the system boundaries. To actually achieve throttling expansion, set a fluid resistance on the way of the gas flow. We found that if a special device is used for the fluid resistance, then it is possible to transmit the wave energy out of the system. In this way, it is possible to bring the expansion process closer to the reversible process. We call this device a wave converter. It converts the energy of the expanding gas into resonant energy. In order to achieve gas expansion and elastic resonance (we