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目的:探讨不同年限太极拳锻炼对中老年女性静态平衡能力的影响。方法:志愿参加本研究的163名中老年女性,按年龄划分为51~60年龄组85人(包括对照组27人、初学组28人、熟练组30人)和61~70年龄组78人(包括对照组23人、初学组28人、熟练组27人)。采用WIN-POD平衡功能检测系统分别测试单双足睁眼、闭眼状态下的轨迹长(TL)、外周面积(Area)、前后与左右方向的动摇指数。其中,双足状态下测试时间为30 s,单足状态下测试时间为10 s。结果:熟练组与对照组相比,两个年龄段中,单双足睁眼、闭眼状态下,指标均具有显著性差异或非常显著性差异(P<0.05,P<0.01)。51~60岁年龄段中,双足闭眼状态下,初学组各指标显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。61~70年龄段中,双足睁眼状态下,初学组Avg.v、X speed、Y speed指标显著低于对照组(P<0.05);单足睁眼状态下,初学组TL、Avg.v、X speed、Y speed指标显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。熟练组与初学组相比,闭眼状态下,51~60岁年龄段中,单足测试时L/A、Y speed、X dev.、Y dev.具有显著性差异(P<0.05);61~70岁年龄段中,双足测试条件下,初学组Area、X speed、Y speed指标显著高于熟练组(P<0.05),单足测试条件下,初学组L/A显著低于熟练组(P<0.05),Avg.v、X dev.指标显著高于熟练组(P<0.05)。结论:太极拳初学阶段主要提高了中老年女性的重心微控能力,而3~5年的太极拳锻炼则能够较全面地改善和提高中老年女性的静态平衡能力。
Objective: To investigate the effect of Taijiquan exercise of different years on the static balance ability of middle and old aged women. Methods: A total of 163 middle-aged and old women volunteering to participate in this study were divided into three groups according to their age: 85 in the 51-60 age group (including 27 in the control group, 28 in the beginner group and 30 in the skilled group) and 78 in the 61 to 70 age group Including 23 in control group, 28 in beginner group and 27 in skilled group). The WIN-POD balance function test system was used to test the TL, AF area, anteroposterior and lateral oscillatory index of single or double eyes with eyes open and eyes closed. Among them, the biped state test time is 30 s, single foot state test time is 10 s. Results: Compared with the control group, there were significant or very significant differences (P <0.05, P <0.01) in the two groups when eyes were opened with both eyes and eyes closed. In the age group of 51-60 years, each index of beginner group was significantly better than that of control group (P <0.05). In the 61 ~ 70 age group, under the condition of eyes opened with both feet, the index of Avg.v, X speed and Y speed in beginner group were significantly lower than those in control group (P <0.05); v, X speed and Y speed indexes were significantly lower than the control group (P <0.05). There were significant differences (P <0.05) in L / A, Y speed, X dev. And Y dev at the age of 51-60 in the eyes of the trained group compared with the beginner group. Under the two-foot test, the area, Xspeed and Yspeed index of the beginner group were significantly higher than those of the skilled group (P <0.05). Under the single-foot test, the L / A of the beginner group was significantly lower than that of the skilled group (P <0.05). The indexes of Avg.v and X dev. Were significantly higher than those of the skilled group (P <0.05). Conclusion: The initial stage of Taijiquan mainly improves the center of gravity and micro-control ability of middle and old aged women, while Taijiquan exercise of 3-5 years can comprehensively improve and enhance the static balance ability of middle and old aged women.