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马克斯·韦伯“领袖民主制”的设计初衷可以从两方面得到理解。一方面,由于德国身处20世纪初的紧张国际关系之中,“领袖民主制”被设计用来解决技术型官僚难以承担“权力政治”使命的问题。另一方面,面对高度合理化的官僚制有可能不断吞噬人类自由这一事实,韦伯也将“领袖民主制”视为拯救“自由”的一种手段。但在后一方面,韦伯对“自由”的含义,以及对“领袖民主制”在拯救“自由”上的实际意义的思考,仍然颇为暧昧。
Max Weber’s “Leader Democracy” was designed from two perspectives. On the one hand, because of Germany’s tense international relations at the beginning of the 20th century, “leadership democracy” was designed to solve the problem that technical bureaucrats can not afford the “power politics” mission. On the other hand, in the face of the fact that highly rationalized bureaucracies may continue to devour human freedom, Weber also considered “leading democracy” as a means of saving “freedom.” On the latter hand, however, Weber’s conception of “freedom ” and the actual meaning of “leadership democracy ” in saving “freedom ” are still quite ambiguous.