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法律(尤其是刑法)是我们的社会同恐怖主义作斗争的武器,但反对恐怖主义不能逾越法治的界限。在刑法领域,我们首先要给恐怖主义下一个行之有效的定义,缺少具有确定性的犯罪意义上的恐怖主义概念,将混淆罪与非罪的界限、过分扩大恐怖主义犯罪的刑事处罚范围。通过分析英国反恐怖主义法和西班牙刑法的相关规定,我们可以看到一个清晰的恐怖主义行为概念必须具备三个特征:(1)行为与一个恐怖主义组织的活动有关;(2)行为是大规模恐吓的沟通策略的一部分;(3)行为是恐怖组织的政治行动的战略性投射。这三个特征分别构成了恐怖主义犯罪的集体维度、沟通维度和政治维度,而这三个维度恰好作为三个构成要件要素,构成了对于犯罪意义上的恐怖主义的特殊限制,突显了犯罪意义上的恐怖主义的特殊不法,有助于对抗近年来各国都流行的纯粹预防主义的倾向。
Law (especially criminal law) is a weapon in our society to fight terrorism, but opposition to terrorism can not go beyond the limits of the rule of law. In the field of criminal law, we first need to give an effective definition of terrorism, lack of a definitive definition of terrorism in the criminal sense, confuse the boundaries between crime and non-crime, and broaden the scope of criminal penalties for terrorist crimes. By analyzing the relevant provisions of the British Anti-Terrorism Law and Spanish Criminal Law, we can see that the concept of a clear terrorist act must have three characteristics: (1) the behavior is related to the activities of a terrorist organization; (2) the behavior is large Scale intimidation as part of communication strategies; and (3) conduct is a strategic projection of the political actions of terrorist groups. These three characteristics respectively constitute the collective dimension, communication dimension and political dimension of terrorist crimes, and these three dimensions form precisely the three elements of the constitutional requirements, which constitute special restrictions on terrorism in the sense of crime and highlight the criminal significance The special unlawfulness of terrorism on the Internet helps to counter the tendency of purely preventiveism that has prevailed in all countries in recent years.