本文通过对《路易斯·亨·摩尔根<古代社会>一书摘要》和其他笔记内容的具体探究,对马克思和恩格斯对待几个笔记不同态度的认真考察,尝试提出:柯瓦列夫斯基笔记并非马克思晚年笔记的核心,它主要研究的是东方社会的土地所有制和未来发展道路问题;摩尔根笔记才是马克思晚年笔记的核心,具有重要的理论价值;其他笔记是对摩尔根笔记的补充。 Through a detailed exploration of the abstract of Louis Henn Morgan in Ancient Society and other notes, Marx and Engels carefully consider the different attitudes of several notes and try to put forward the following: Kovalevsky’s Notes It is not the core of Marx’s later years notes. It mainly studies the land ownership in the East and the road to future development. The Morgan notes are the core of Marx’s later notes and have important theoretical value. Other notes supplement the Morgan notes.