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从异质性消费者的视角研究了碳税对制造商技术选择的影响和政府碳税政策的制定。通过构建异质性消费者效用函数下的制造商需求函数,得到不同碳税区间制造商的最优生产决策和技术选择,同时在考虑环境成本系数对最优社会福利影响的基础上,探讨了政府碳税政策的制定。研究发现:1政府征收碳税,引起产品价格上升,制造商利润及消费者剩余下降,但是较高的碳税可以引导制造商采用低碳技术;2消费者对不同碳排放量产品支付意愿的异质性影响政府引导企业选择低碳技术的碳税区间,异质性越大,政府越能以较低的碳税和较大的政策自由度实现对制造商低碳技术选择的引导;3政府最优碳税受环境成本系数的影响,系数较高时,社会福利最大化的目标和引导企业选择低碳技术的目标越容易同时实现。
From the perspective of heterogeneous consumers, it studies the impact of carbon tax on the technology choices of manufacturers and the formulation of government carbon tax policy. By constructing the manufacturer demand function under heterogeneous consumer utility function, the optimal production decision and technical choice of different carbon tax interval manufacturers are obtained. On the basis of considering the influence of environmental cost coefficient on the optimal social welfare, Government carbon tax policy formulation. The study found that: 1 The government levied a carbon tax, causing product prices to rise, manufacturers ’profits and consumer surplus to fall, but higher carbon taxes could lead manufacturers to adopt low-carbon technologies; 2 consumers’ willingness to pay for different carbon-emitting products Heterogeneity affects the government’s carbon tax bands that guide enterprises to choose low-carbon technologies. The greater the heterogeneity is, the more government can guide manufacturers in selecting low-carbon technologies with a lower carbon tax and greater freedom of policy. The government optimal carbon tax is affected by the environmental cost coefficient. When the coefficient is high, the goal of maximizing social welfare and the goal of guiding enterprises to choose low-carbon technologies are achieved at the same time.