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运用拉康的精神分析理论,尤其是对象a的逻辑运作,拉克劳在2005年出版的《论民粹主义理性》一书中深化和明晰了其霸权理论,其中最关键的一点就是“异质性”概念的引入。拉克劳明确地将异质性逻辑界定为对象a的逻辑。本文详细解析了异质性在建构人民的霸权理论中之形成、内涵以及运作过程。第一部分阐述了异质性登场的背景,第二部分详细解剖了异质性的三重身。由于对象a是理解异质性的核心,为了深化对对象a的理解,我们在第三部分以拉克劳和齐泽克思想倾向的对比为明线,对对象a、幻象、驱力的逻辑运作进行了较为深入的探讨,以有助于对拉克劳异质性逻辑的掌握。本文认为,虽然诚如拉克劳自己所认为的,“异质性”的出现不仅澄清了其霸权理论中的模糊之处,而且也再次证明了其霸权理论的革命性,然而,通过与齐泽克思想倾向的对比,我们发现,其异质性仍然较多地停留于幻象领域,相比而言,齐泽克的驱力逻辑在理论上具有更强的激进性。
Using Lacan’s psychoanalytic theory, especially the logical operation of object a, Laclau deepened and clarified his theory of hegemony in his book On the Theory of Populism, published in 2005. One of the most crucial points is that “heterogeneity Sex ”concept introduced. Laclau defines the logic of heterogeneity explicitly as the logic of object a. This paper analyzes in detail the formation, connotation and operation process of the heterogeneity in building the people’s hegemony theory. The first part describes the background of heterogeneity, and the second part dissects the heterogeneity triplex. Because object a is the core of understanding heterogeneity, in order to deepen the understanding of object a, in the third part, we contrast the logic of Lacanla and Zizek’s ideology with the logical operation of object a, illusion and driving force A more in-depth discussion to help grasp the Lacanian heterogeneity logic. This article argues that although the emergence of “heterogeneity ”, as Laclau himself thinks, not only clarifies the ambiguities in his theory of hegemony but also proves again the revolutionary nature of his hegemony theory. However, Compared with Zizek’s tendencies in thought, we find that his heterogeneity still stays in the field of illusion more, by contrast, Zizek’s driving logic is theoretically more radical.